Ia ada kaitan dengan MA63!
Re: Peruntukan 35% Kerusi Parlimen untuk Sabah dan Sarawak
Kedekatan untuk pemulihan……
Flash-back: https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/781257/35-pct-parliamentary-seats-sabah-sarawak-must-be-restored
Ragu-ragu untuk 'memukul semasa seterika panas'?
Peluang terakhir untuk Sarawak? Untuk LEBIH BANYAK Kerusi Parlimen ? Betul ke?
Tetapi kemudian……
Fakta dan Kebenaran – dalam semangat, dan menurut Perjanjian Malaysia 1963.
Lampiran D: Kenyataan awam bersama - 1 Ogos 1962
1. Kerajaan British dan Malaya telah menerima dan mengkaji Laporan Suruhanjaya di bawah pengerusi Lord Cobbold yang melawat Borneo Utara dan Sarawak awal tahun ini untuk memastikan pandangan penduduk mengenai cadangan mewujudkan Persekutuan Malaysia yang memeluk Tanah Melayu, Singapura, Sarawak, Borneo Utara dan Brunei. Laporan itu diterbitkan hari ini.
2. Kedua-dua Kerajaan amat berterima kasih kepada Suruhanjaya atas Laporan berharga mereka dan telah menerima hampir semua cadangan yang Suruhanjaya sebulat suara. Kedua-dua Kerajaan telah menyatakan secara khususnya bahawa Suruhanjaya telah bersetuju sebulat suara bahawa Persekutuan Malaysia adalah untuk kepentingan terbaik Borneo Utara dan Sarawak dan bahawa keputusan awal pada dasarnya harus dicapai.
3. Berdasarkan Laporan ini dan persetujuan yang dicapai antara Kerajaan Malaya dan Kerajaan Singapura, British dan Kerajaan Malaya kini telah memutuskan pada dasarnya bahawa, tertakluk kepada perundangan yang diperlukan, Persekutuan Malaysia yang dicadangkan hendaklah diwujudkan pada 31 Ogos, 1963.
4. Untuk melaksanakan keputusan ini, kedua-dua Kerajaan berhasrat untuk memuktamadkan, dalam tempoh enam bulan akan datang, satu perjanjian rasmi yang, antara lain, akan memperuntukkan:—
(a) pemindahan kedaulatan di Borneo Utara, Sarawak dan Singapura menjelang 31 Ogos, 1963;
(b) peruntukan yang mengawal hubungan antara Singapura dan Persekutuan baharu, sebagaimana yang dipersetujui antara Kerajaan Tanah Melayu dan Singapura;
(c) pengaturan pertahanan seperti yang dinyatakan dalam pernyataan bersama oleh Kerajaan British dan Tanah Melayu bertarikh 22 November, 1961; dan
(d) pengaturan perlembagaan yang terperinci, termasuk perlindungan untuk kepentingan khas Borneo Utara dan Sarawak, yang akan disediakan selepas berunding dengan Badan Perundangan kedua-dua wilayah.
5. Perlindungan ini akan meliputi perkara seperti kebebasan beragama, pendidikan, perwakilan di Parlimen Persekutuan, kedudukan kaum pribumi, kawalan imigresen, kewarganegaraan dan perlembagaan Negeri.
6. Agar pengenalan sistem Persekutuan yang baru dapat dilaksanakan selancar mungkin dan dengan sekurang-kurangnya gangguan terhadap pengaturan pentadbiran sedia ada, akan ada, selepas peralihan kedaulatan, suatu tempoh peralihan, di mana beberapa Persekutuan kuasa perlembagaan akan diwakilkan buat sementara waktu kepada Kerajaan Negeri.
7. Satu Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan akan ditubuhkan secepat mungkin, di mana Kerajaan British, Malaya, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak akan diwakili. Tugasnya adalah untuk menyusun pengaturan perlembagaan masa depan dan bentuk perlindungan yang diperlukan.
8. Menteri Negara bagi Tanah Jajahan, Lord Lansdowne, yang akan menjadi Pengerusi Jawatankuasa ini, dan Timbalan Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Tun Abdul Razak, akan pergi sebentar lagi ke Sarawak dan Borneo Utara untuk menjalankan perbincangan.
9. Bagi mengekalkan kecekapan pentadbiran, Kerajaan British dan Tanah Melayu telah bersetuju tentang kepentingan mengekalkan perkhidmatan seramai mungkin pegawai ekspatriat. Menteri Negara akan berbincang dengan Kerajaan-kerajaan wilayah dan dengan Persatuan Kakitangan bagaimana ini boleh dilakukan dengan sebaiknya.
10. Kerajaan British dan Tanah Melayu telah memaklumkan kepada Sultan Brunei tentang perjanjian yang telah mereka capai dan telah menyatakan dengan jelas bahawa mereka akan mengalu-alukan kemasukan Negeri Brunei ke dalam Persekutuan yang baru.
*************************************************** **************
141 CAB 134/1951, GM(62)42 10 Sept 1962
‘Laporan lawatan ke Borneo Utara, Sarawak dan Brunei oleh menteri negara bagi hal ehwal kolonial dari 14 Ogos hingga 30 Ogos, 1962’: laporan oleh Lord Lansdowne mengenai persediaan untuk melaksanakan Malaysia melalui Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan
[Persetujuan 31 Julai 1962 (lihat 140), untuk mewujudkan Persekutuan Malaysia pada 31 Ogos 1963, memerlukan Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan untuk menyusun susunan perlembagaan masa depan dan perlindungan yang diperlukan untuk Borneo Utara dan Sarawak.
Seperti yang dilaporkan oleh Lansdowne di sini, bagaimanapun, pengumuman London datang 'sebagai satu kejutan besar' kepada Borneo Utara.
Pada 13–14 Ogos Donald Stephens mengadakan mesyuarat pemimpin politik yang merangka program tuntutan minimum empat belas mata (kemudian dua puluh mata).
Twenty Points ini bertambah berat dengan menarik sokongan di Sarawak dan jauh melangkaui apa yang orang Malaya terima pada rundingan London pada bulan Julai.
Walaupun Majlis Perundangan Borneo Utara dan Majlis Negri Sarawak bersetuju dengan prinsip Malaysia (masing-masing pada 12 dan 26 Sept), mereka berbuat demikian dengan syarat hak negeri dilindungi.
IGC dipengerusikan oleh Lord Lansdowne, dengan Tun Razak sebagai timbalan pengerusi, dan mempunyai wakil dari Malaya, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak. Tiada ahli dari Singapura manakala Brunei menghantar pemerhati. Lansdowne dan Razak melawat Borneo pada Ogos (seperti yang dilaporkan dalam dokumen ini) dan pada mesyuarat persediaan IGC di Jesselton pada 30 Ogos lima jawatankuasa kecil telah ditubuhkan.
Jawatankuasa kecil (semuanya dipengerusikan oleh Sir John Martin) meliputi hal-hal perlembagaan, fiskal, undang-undang dan kehakiman, perkhidmatan awam dan organisasi jabatan. H P Hall dan T J O’Brien, yang dipinjamkan daripada suruhanjaya tinggi British di KL, berkhidmat di IGC.
Jawatankuasa kecil pertama bermesyuarat pada 8 Okt dan sesi pleno diadakan pada 22–24 Okt, 23–26 Nov dan 18–20 Dis selepas itu butiran butiran yang lain dihantar kepada jawatankuasa ad hoc pakar.
Kebuntuan hampir berlaku berhubung isu kewangan dan bantuan pembangunan tetapi perkara ini akhirnya dapat diselesaikan. Berkenaan hubungan perlembagaan, walaupun mereka gagal mendapatkan tempoh tujuh tahun awal di mana kuasa perundangan harus kekal di dalam negeri (daripada diwakilkan kepadanya), Borneo Utara dan Sarawak memenangi beberapa perlindungan yang tidak boleh diubah oleh kerajaan persekutuan tanpa persetujuan kerajaan negeri.
Walau bagaimanapun, untuk mengelakkan pindaan perlembagaan persekutuan, mereka memerlukan majoriti dua pertiga dalam dewan perwakilan persekutuan yang boleh mereka capai hanya dengan mengundi bersama dan juga bersama Singapura. Laporan sementara Lansdowne diserahkan kepada Jawatankuasa (Rasmi) Greater Malaysia, lihat 146.
Laporan akhir telah dimulakan pada 22 Jan 1963 dan diterbitkan pada 27 Feb sebagai ‘Malaysia: Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee, 1962’ (Cmnd 1954).
Majlis Negri Sarawak menerima pakai syornya pada 8 Mac dan Majlis Perundangan Borneo Utara mengikutinya pada 13 Mac 1963.
(CO 1030/1032; CO 1030/1050; CO1030/1052, no 73; CO 1030/1053–1057, 1065–1067; GM(62)44 dan GM(62)46, CAB 134/1991; ;FO
371/169694, nos 10 and 11).]
Source: https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/sarawak/malaysiaendofempire.pdf
By: A J STOCKWELL ( Emeritus Professor of Modern History at Royal Holloway, University of London)
Anthony Stockwell is Emeritus Professor of Modern History, Royal Holloway, University of London. He was joint editor of the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (1989-2007) and his publications include British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment (1979), Malaya (1995) and Malaysia (2004) in the series, British Documents on End of Empire. A Fellow of the Society since 1990, he was President in 2000-03, Vice-President in 2003-06 and President in 2006-09.
*********************
(English Version)
It HAS everything to do with MA63 !
Re: The 35% Parliamentary Seat allocation for Sabah and Sarawak
The Urgency for restoration……
Flash-back: https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/781257/35-pct-parliamentary-seats-sabah-sarawak-must-be-restored
The Hesitancy to ‘strike while the iron is hot’ ?
https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2022/09/10/no-hurry-for-35-quota-of-dewan-seats-says-abang-jo/
Last chance for Sarawak ? For MORE Parliamantary Seats ? Really ?
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/07/04/dr-sim-ge15-last-chance-for-sarawak-to-fight-for-ma63-rights/15616
But then……
The Facts and The Truth – in the spirit of, and pursuant to The Malaysia Agreement 1963.
Appendix D: Joint public statement - 1st August 1962
1. The British and Malayan Governments have received and studied the Report of the Commission under the chairmanship of Lord Cobbold which visited North Borneo and Sarawak earlier this year to ascertain the views of the inhabitants on the proposal to create a Federation of Malaysia embracing Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo and Brunei. The Report is being published today.
2. The two Governments are most grateful to the Commission for their valuable Report and have accepted almost all the recommendations on which the Commission were unanimous. The two Governments have noted in particular that the Commission were unanimously agreed that a Federation of Malaysia is in the best interests of North Borneo and Sarawak and that an early decision in principle should be reached.
3. In the light of this Report and of the agreement reached between the Government of Malaya and the Government of Singapore, the British and Malayan Governments have now decided in principle that, subject to the necessary legislation, the proposed Federation of Malaysia should be brought into being by 31st August, 1963.
4. To give effect to this decision, the two Governments intend to conclude, within the next six months, a formal agreement which, among other things, will provide for:—
(a) the transfer of sovereignty in North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore by 31st August, 1963;
(b) provisions governing the relationship between Singapore and the new Federation, as agreed between the Governments of Malaya and Singapore;
(c) defence arrangements as set out in the joint statement by the British and Malayan Governments dated 22nd November, 1961; and
(d) detailed constitutional arrangements, including safeguards for the special interests of North Borneo and Sarawak, to be drawn up after consultation with the Legislatures of the two territories.
5. These safeguards will cover such matters as religious freedom, education, representation in the Federal Parliament, the position of the indigenous races, control of immigration, citizenship and the State constitutions.
6. In order that the introduction of the new Federal system may be effected as smoothly as possible and with the least disturbance to existing administrative arrangements, there will be, after the transfer of sovereignty, a transition period, during which a number of the Federal constitutional powers will be delegated temporarily to the State Governments.
7. An Inter-Governmental Committee will be established as soon as possible, on which the British, Malayan, North Borneo and Sarawak Governments will be represented. Its task will be to work out the future constitutional arrangements and the form of the necessary safeguards.
8. The Minister of State for the Colonies, Lord Lansdowne, who will be the Chairman of this Committee, and the Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tun Abdul Razak, will proceed shortly to Sarawak and North Borneo to conduct discussions.
9. In order to maintain the efficiency of the administration, the British and Malayan Governments are agreed on the importance of retaining the services of as many of the expatriate officials as possible. The Minister of State will discuss with the Governments of the territories and with the Staff Associations how this best can be done.
10. The British and Malayan Governments have informed the Sultan of Brunei of the agreement they have reached and have made it clear that they would welcome the inclusion of the State of Brunei in the new Federation.
****************************************************************
141 CAB 134/1951, GM(62)42 10 Sept 1962
‘Report on visit to North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei by the minister of state for colonial affairs from 14 August to 30 August, 1962’: report by Lord Lansdowne on preparations to implement Malaysia through the Inter-Governmental Committee
[The agreement of 31 July 1962 (see 140), to bring about a Federation of Malaysia by 31 Aug 1963, required an Inter-Governmental Committee to work out the future constitutional arrangements and necessary safeguards for North Borneo and Sarawak.
As Lansdowne reports here, however, the London announcement came ‘as a great shock’ to North Borneo.
On 13–14 Aug Donald Stephens convened a meeting of political leaders who drew up a fourteen-point (later twenty-point) programme of minimum demands.
These Twenty Points gained weight by attracting support in Sarawak and went far beyond what the Malayans had conceded at the London talks in July.
Although North Borneo’s Legislative Council and Sarawak’s Council Negri agreed to the principle of Malaysia (on 12 and 26 Sept respectively), they did so on condition that state rights were safeguarded.
The IGC was chaired by Lord Lansdowne, with Tun Razak as deputy chairman, and had representatives from Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak. There were no members from Singapore while Brunei sent observers. Lansdowne and Razak visited Borneo in Aug (as reported in this document) and at a preparatory meeting of the IGC in Jesselton on 30 Aug five sub-committees were set up.
The sub-committees (all chaired by Sir John Martin) covered constitutional, fiscal, legal and judicial matters, public service, and departmental organisation. H P Hall and T J O’Brien, who was seconded from the British high commission in KL, serviced the IGC.
The first sub-committee met on 8 Oct and plenary sessions were held on 22–24 Oct, 23–26 Nov and 18–20 Dec after which remaining points of detail were remitted to an ad hoc committee of specialists.
Deadlock almost occurred over financial issues and development aid but these matters were eventually resolved. As regards constitutional relations, although they failed to secure an initial seven-year period during which legislative power should remain within the state (rather than being delegated to it), North Borneo and Sarawak won a number of safeguards which could not be changed by the federal government without the concurrence of the state government.
To prevent amendment of the federal constitution, however, they would require a two-thirds majority in the federal house of representatives which they could achieve only by voting together and also in concert with Singapore. Lansdowne’s interim reports went to the Greater Malaysia (Official) Committee, see 146.
The final report was initialled on 22 Jan 1963 and published on 27 Feb as ‘Malaysia: Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee, 1962’ (Cmnd 1954).
The Council Negri of Sarawak adopted its recommendations on 8 Mar and North Borneo’s Legislative Council followed suit on 13 Mar 1963.
(CO 1030/1032; CO 1030/1050; CO1030/1052, no 73; CO 1030/1053–1057, 1065–1067; GM(62)44 and GM(62)46, CAB 134/1951; DO 189/259; FO 371/169694, nos 10 and 11).]
Source: https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/sarawak/malaysiaendofempire.pdf
By: A J STOCKWELL ( Emeritus Professor of Modern History at Royal Holloway, University of London)
Anthony Stockwell is Emeritus Professor of Modern History, Royal Holloway, University of London. He was joint editor of the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (1989-2007) and his publications include British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment (1979), Malaya (1995) and Malaysia (2004) in the series, British Documents on End of Empire. A Fellow of the Society since 1990, he was President in 2000-03, Vice-President in 2003-06 and President in 2006-09.
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